Ethiopia’s digital environment between November 1–15, 2025 remained volatile and polarized. Social media platforms such as Facebook, X, TikTok, and YouTube amplified unverified claims, emotionally charged narratives, and coordinated disinformation campaigns. Major events – including the passing of historian Professor Lapiso Delebo, competing military claims in Amhara and Oromia, and escalating tensions with Eritrea – dominated online discussions. At the same time, the confirmed Marburg virus outbreak and opposition warnings about the 2026 election fueled widespread debate and heightened public anxiety.

Disinformation tactics grew more sophisticated during this period. AI‑generated images and videos circulated widely, fabricating evidence of military movements and migration crises. Old footage resurfaced as “breaking news,” misleading audiences during politically sensitive moments. Health misinformation mirrored earlier crises, with recycled COVID‑19 content repurposed as Marburg coverage and false cures promoted online. Hate speech also intensified, targeting Ethiopia’s Women’s National Football Team and escalating ethnic hostility through derogatory slurs linked to regional disputes.

These developments underscore the urgent need for continuous monitoring and timely fact‑checking. False information spreads rapidly, exploiting political tension, health fears, and regional conflict to deepen divisions and erode trust. Strengthening digital literacy, encouraging responsible reporting, and promoting respectful dialogue are critical to countering these harmful narratives. Verified institutions and independent fact‑checking organizations remain essential in safeguarding Ethiopia’s information space and supporting democratic resilience.

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